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S2 in the Supplemental material). Having predicted pain perception Romidepsin based on whole-brain activity, we next asked whether it is possible to predict pain perception based on fMRI activity within individual brain regions. To investigate this, we attempted to decode the anticipation and perception of pain from 26 predefined brain areas typically reported in the context of pain (plus 2 control areas). It should be noted that these regions were defined a priori on anatomical grounds, independently from the results of the above whole-brain analysis. We assessed the importance of each region in terms of the significance with which it enabled above-chance predictions. This approach allowed us to propose a rank order of pain-related regions. Critically, this rank order is based on significance rather than accuracy, and thus takes into account not only the mean accuracy but also its between-subjects variability (Fig.?3). It should be noted that the whole-brain analysis in the previous section and the region-of-interest analysis in this section are based on different notions of involvement. Thus, one would expect their results to share the most important, but not necessarily all, characteristics. We will expand on this point in the Discussion. Of all brain regions commonly associated with the perception of pain, our analysis revealed that only a subset was predictive of pain on a trial-by-trial basis. The most predictive regions during the anticipation period were the right U0126 ic50 and left periaqueductal LMTK2 gray (PAG) and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; all p?