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Ou��draogo et?al. (58) evaluated the effect of three micronutrient supplements (iron, iron and zinc, or multiple micronutrients provided 5 days/week for 6 months) to 296 children 6�C23 months (96�C100 per group) with low haemoglobin (70�C109?g?L?1). In this study children who received the multiple micronutrients were more likely to recover from anaemia than those receiving just iron, indicating a need to evaluate other micronutrients contributing to anaemia in this population. A second study by Ou��draogo et?al. (59) found plasmodium falciparum malaria infection among 53% of the 456 rural children surveyed, half of which was afebrile malaria. These two studies identify two possible risk factors that are not necessarily Afatinib mouse addressed in Burkina Faso's programmes to prevent or treat anaemia: (i) nutritional factors other than iron deficiency; and (ii) afebrile malaria. Additional studies should be considered to better identify the prevalence of anaemia-related micronutrient deficiencies and, if necessary, how programmes might be expanded to prevent and treat anaemia. The methods promoted for the prevention of anaemia and malaria in Burkina Faso include the use of iron-folic acid supplements during pregnancy and early postpartum (15, 17, 18, 45, 51, 60, 61), use of ITNs against malaria (15, 28, 51), semi-annual deworming (15, 17, 51, 61), and Sitaxentan the promotion of some iron-rich selleck compound foods (15, 45, 62). The ENA approach (15), which is intended for use nationally, addresses all of these topics. As mentioned previously, we could only confirm that ENA has been implemented in certain regions. The FRAT survey mentioned above also identified wheat flour as a food vehicle for iron fortification (48, 49). Some flour producers are voluntarily fortifying wheat flour with iron, zinc, folic acid, and other B vitamins. As with cooking oil, women may consume enough wheat flour to reduce the risk of iron deficiency, but it is unlikely that young children will consume enough wheat flour to have an impact on their iron status. Fortified foods that are targeted at young children may be needed to ensure that children meet their physiological requirement of iron. The prevalence of iron deficiency among children or women has not been evaluated in Burkina Faso. In the 2003 DHS (5), 92% children 6�C59 months and 54% women 15�C49 years had haemoglobin concentrations?