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The scaffolds were then removed with the cranial bone and surrounding tissues, and a part of each scaffold was used to measure molecular weight over time by using gel permeation chromatography. Samples were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the tissue in the pores. The width of the area of observation was set to one-third of the scaffold, and the center was arranged in the center of one randomly selected hole. The areas of connective tissue and blood vessels were measured. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test or the selleck screening library Games-Howell test, if necessary. Results The scaffold heights for all groups were similar. The molecular weight decreased in a time-dependent manner, with significant differences between each PDLLA sample at initial measurement, 4?weeks, and 8?weeks (P?selleckchem tissue area were also noted between the control and 0.5-mm groups, the control and 1.0-mm groups, and the 0.5-mm and 1.0-mm groups (P?Cefaloridine The straight holes kept the area of connective tissue. Molecular weight and scaffold height were not affected by the existence and size of the holes. Conversely, the volume of connective tissue and blood vessels increased significantly in PDLLA with straight holes, with a wider hole diameter corresponding to larger connective tissue and blood vessel areas. ""Y.G. Song, I. H. Cho, S. R. Lim, Y. H. Seo, Y. S. Choi, J. Lee Dankook University, Cheonan-Si, South Korea Background As dental implants have gained popularity, the necessity for bone grafts has become more prevalent. In many cases, the quantity of alveolar bone is often insufficient for the insertion of dental implant, because in many cases the tooth loss due to periodontitis or trauma is accompanied with alveolar bone loss. In addition, bone loss can occur due to peri-implantitis after implantation. Therefore, bone grafting procedures are becoming increasingly common. While osseointegration and the mechanical properties of zirconia have been relatively much investigated, there are a few studies on the osteoblastic response of porous zirconia.