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Measurements were performed at 480 nm. Catalase activity was estimated by the method of Aebi [17], using hydrogen peroxide as a substrate. The method is based on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which is indicated by the decrease in absorbance at 240 nm. The amount of low molecular weight thiols (glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine, etc.) was determined by the Ellman method [18]. Homogenate samples were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and the protein precipitate was removed by centrifugation. Further analysis was performed analogically to that used for determination of total thiol groups. Concentration of low molecular weight Afatinib molecular weight thiols was calculated from the standard curve for reduced glutathione and expressed as nmol/mg protein. Concentration of �CSH groups was estimated according to the Ellman method [18]. Following the reaction between Ellman's reagent with thiol groups, optically active cation was formed and its absorbance was measured at 412 nm. Optical activity of samples at this wavelength was measured before the addition of Ellman's reagent and subtracted. The concentrations PTPRJ of thiols were calculated from the calibration curve obtained for reduced glutathione (0�C2 mM range of concentrations) as a standard. Results were expressed as mmol/mg protein. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated on the basis of production of TBARS calculated from the 532 nm absorbance using an extinction coefficient of 156 mM?1 cm?1 [19]. Protein concentration was determined with Folin reagent according to the spectrophotometric method of Lowry et al [ 20]. Statistical analysis included calculation of means �� SD in each group. The significance of differences was estimated by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Dasatinib in vivo No animal deaths were observed in the course of the experiments. The activities of superoxide dismutase (EC. 1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC. 1.11.1.6) are essential biomarkers of induction of oxidative stress in the liver tissue. SOD is an enzyme which catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, while the role of catalase is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen and protection of cells against the toxic effects of ROS. Changes in SOD and CAT activities, induced in rat liver by treatment with the investigated anticancer drugs or their combinations (doxorubicin with paclitaxel/docetaxel), are presented on Figure 1?and?Figure 2, respectively. We observed a significant decrease in the activity of SOD only in the liver of rats injected with docetaxel (p