11), can be quite various from that with the plant phyllosphere. Each

M ler, Base did not reveal any matching Lactobacillus sequences. Our phylogeny shows Goethe University Frankfurt am Primary Address correspondence to Mar Mercedes Zambrano, mzambrano@corpogen.org. Other function has focused on endophytic fungi and their biocontrol and biotechno-Received 28 August 2015 Accepted 30 December 2015 Accepted manuscript posted on the net 8 January 2016 Citation Ruiz-P ez CA, Restrepo S, Zambrano MM. 2016. Microbial and functional diversity inside the phyllosphere of Espeletia species in an Andean high-mountain ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:1807?817. M ler, Goethe University Frankfurt am Major Address correspondence to Mar Mercedes Zambrano, mzambrano@corpogen.org. Supplemental material for this article could possibly be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128 /AEM.02781-15. Copyright ?2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.March 2016 Volume 82 NumberApplied and Environmental Microbiologyaem.asm.orgRuiz-P ez et al.FIG 1 Overview of sampling website and Espeletia sp. morphology. (A) Sampling site (El Coquito Hot Spring, 04?2=27 N, 75?5=51.4 W). (Adapted from GoogleEarth [copyright 2015 DigitalGlobe and Google, Image Landsat].) (B) Espeletia sp. morphology. (C) Sampling distribution per individual collected. Y, young leaves; M, mature leaves; N, necromass; R, roots; EP, epiphyte; ED, endophyte.logical possible (12, 17). In this function, we utilised culture-independent implies, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and GeoChip five.0 functional microarrays, to address community structure, diversity, and functional possible making use of samples from diverse plant tiers.11), may be very distinct from that from the plant phyllosphere. Both environmental conditions as well as the host should influence the functional ecology of plant microbial communities (13), driving their composition and interactions. Microbial communities associated with plants which include Espeletia (i.e., epiphytes and endophytes) should really as a result reflect the adaptations towards the environmental situations to which they're exposed and possess the metabolic plasticity needed for them to thrive. The distinctive plant tiers also represent numerous microenvironments in which microbial communities needs to be taxonomically diverse or at least metabolically differentiated. Thus, the ecology and molecular and functional diversity of microbial populations associated with Espeletia plants could present important insights into understanding how microorganisms interact with and adapt to these intense habitats. According to these hypotheses, we analyzed Espeletia plant-associated microbial communities, which stay largely unknown. Some research accomplished by culturing bacteria and fungi, like mycorrhizae, indicate that numerous microorganisms are generally connected with these plants and are in all probability vital for nutrient availability and decomposition of biomass (14?6). Other operate has focused on endophytic fungi and their biocontrol and biotechno-Received 28 August 2015 Accepted 30 December 2015 Accepted manuscript posted on the web eight January 2016 Citation Ruiz-P ez CA, Restrepo S, Zambrano MM. 2016. Microbial and functional diversity within the phyllosphere of Espeletia species in an Andean high-mountain ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:1807?817. doi:ten.1128/AEM.02781-15. Editor: V. M ler, Goethe University Frankfurt am Most important Address correspondence to Mar Mercedes Zambrano, mzambrano@corpogen.org. Supplemental material for this article may very well be identified at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128 /AEM.02781-15. Copyright ?2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.March 2016 Volume 82 NumberApplied and Environmental Microbiologyaem.asm.orgRuiz-P ez et al.FIG 1 Overview of sampling web site and Espeletia sp.