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These features may enable the retreatment instruments to cut not only the filling material, but also the superficial layer of dentin during root filling removal. Moreover, the specific flute design and rotary motion of the ProTaper retreatment instruments click here tend to pull obturation material into the file flutes and direct it towards the orifice. In the present study, residual root canal filling material was observed in all groups. Although gutta-percha and AH Plus do not adhere to the canal wall as well as Epiphany, less filling material was observed during the removal of Epiphany�CResilon obturation material than during the gutta-percha�CAH Plus obturation technique. This may be explained by the formation of a monoblock in the Resilon�CEpiphany group [30]. Resilon core material combined with the Epiphany dual-cured resin sealer bind together Docetaxel solubility dmso in the canal. Thus, the sealer might be better removed if it is bound together with the core material. Ezzie et?al. [23] compared the Epiphany�CResilon and AH Plus�Cgutta-percha obturation techniques. They reported that in teeth obturated with Epiphany�CResilon, less filling material was found on root canal walls at the apical third. In addition, in the current study, less obturation material was seen in the teeth obturated with Epiphany�CResilon than in those obturated with AH Plus�Cgutta-percha. Therefore, the Resilon�CEpiphany obturation material was easier to remove from the apical region, indicating poor bonding of its monoblock structure to the dentin walls. On the other hand, its removal will be quicker and easier in case of retreatment. However, bonding to the dentin walls is more important because establishment of an apical seal is the priority. Ta?demir et?al. [29] used Mtwo R instruments to remove various obturations. Their study showed no significant differences between groups in terms of remnant filling material. In contrast, the present study revealed that among the groups retreated with Mtwo R, the teeth filled with Kerr PCS�Cgutta-percha had significantly more tiospirone remnant obturation material than did any of the other groups. In a recent study, ProTaper and Mtwo were used for instrumentation, and AH Plus�Cgutta-percha and Thermafil for obturation (Karabulut, 2010, unpublished data). The filling material was removed either manually or using rotary retreatment files. There was no significant difference in the total time required for retreatment. In contrast, T1, T2 and Tt of teeth prepared with the ProTaper were found to be significantly less than those of teeth prepared with Mtwo (P?
