A Brand New Dummies Self-Help Guide To Rigosertib Simplified

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In general, methods based on genomic relationships assume the same weight per SNP. Such an assumption could undermine accuracy when selected SNP explain a large fraction of the genetic variance. Wang et al. (2012) modified ssGBLUP for genome-wide association to obtain SNP weights and incorporate them in a weighted ssGBLUP (WssGBLUP). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate several methods of genomic prediction using a multitrait animal model for a population with a relatively small number of genotyped animals. An additional objective was to evaluate the effect on Rigosertib evaluation accuracy of adding female genotypes to ssGBLUP and WssGBLUP analyses. Two Israeli Holstein data sets were analyzed. The complete data set contained 305-d milk, fat, protein, fat percentage, and protein percentage records for 713,686 cows with records for parity 1, 503,827 cows for parity 2, and 326,317 cows for parity 3. The cows calved from 1985 through 2011. The reduced data set included only production records through 2006 for 563,870 cows with records for parity 1, 391,977 cows for parity 2, and 249,954 cows for parity 3. These records were used to calculate genomic predictions using single-step genomic methods, traditional predictions, and DD. To estimate DGV, DD were used as phenotypic records for genotyped sires in multistep genomic methods. A total of 1,305 bulls and 343 elite cows were genotyped for the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., SERCA San Diego, CA), which includes approximately 54,000 markers. Quality control retained SNP with call rates >0.9 for both SNP and animals genotypes, minor allele frequency >0.05, and departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (difference between expected and observed frequency) Wortmannin position or located on sex chromosomes were not considered in the analyses. After the quality control, 30,359 SNP remained in the genotype file. Numbers of genotyped bulls and elite cows by birth year are shown in Table 1. Elite cows were the top 2% for the Israeli breeding index at the time they were selected for genotyping. Effects of SNP were estimated from a set of training animals using multistep genomic methods, and then predictions based on genomic information were tested with a set of validation bulls. Validation bulls included 135 genotyped bulls born from 2002 to 2005 and with no daughter records in the reduced data set (2006) but ��20 daughters in the complete data set (2011). For multistep evaluations, training bulls were required to have DD in the reduced data set (732 bulls). For single-step evaluation, the data set included all 1,305 genotyped bulls (the 732 multistep training bulls, 34 bulls without DD in the reduced data set, 82 bulls born from 2002 to 2005, 135 validation bulls, and 322 young bulls born since 2006), but only production records up to 2006.