A Critical Blunder Revealed On Galunisertib And The Way To Prevent It

The Chinese edition was validated as having good psychometric properties in our pilot study. The scale has a Cronbach's alpha 0.81 and Pearson test-retest reliability coefficient r?=?0.92. The OHBS was developed by Kim et?al. (Kim et?al., RhoC 1991) for measuring osteoporosis related health beliefs. The scale was designed to measure general health motivation, perceived susceptibility to and seriousness of osteoporosis, and beliefs about calcium intake and exercise in preventing and treating osteoporosis. The Chinese edition was translated by Zheng et?al. (Zheng et?al., 2005) and has 31 items. Each item is evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale (1?=?Strongly Disagree to 5?=?Strongly Agree), the total possible scores ranging from 31 to 155. The scale had a Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and Z-VAD-FMK supplier the Pearson test-retest reliability coefficients for the OHBS-exercise and the OHBS-calcium were r?=?0.93 and r?=?0.87 in our pilot study, respectively. The OSES was developed as a measure of self-efficacy, or confidence, for behaviors related to physical activity and calcium intake (Horan et?al., 1998). The OSES is a brief, psychometrically sound scale containing items reflecting initiation of, maintenance of, and persistence at osteoporosis preventive behaviors (Horan et?al., 1998). The Chinese edition is a 19-item scale using a 5-point Likert scale (1?=?with no confidence, 2?=?with two or three tenths confidence, 3?=?with five tenths confidence, 4?=?with seven or eight tenths confidence, 5?=?with absolute confidence) translated by Hu et?al. (Hu et?al., 2005). The scale had a Cronbach's alpha 0.91 and the test-retest reliability coefficients for OSES-exercise and the OSES-calcium were r?=?0.91 and r?=?0.89 in our pilot study, respectively. All coefficients were significant at P?selleck products was collected in May 2010 by one of the research team members. This member distributed the questionnaires to each individual, explained the purpose of the research, and provided instructions according to the pre-defined protocol noted below. Knowledge about osteoporosis, health beliefs and self-efficacy were collected from each participant pretest. Two weeks after the educational in-service, the OKAT, OHBS and OSES were again administered. The instructions were as follows: ��If you are willing to participate in this study, please complete this questionnaire independently and answer all the questions. You are not encouraged to check reference materials or ask others. If you do not know the correct answer, you can guess. You may be asked to complete any incomplete answers. Submitting your completed questionnaire to the research team member constitutes consent for participation in this study.�� The nurse students completed the questionnaires before and after the targeted education program. The research team member checked the questionnaire for completion, and asked the participant to respond to any unanswered items.