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Older patients had more isolates of resistant strains of S.?aureus. A large percentage of MRSA strains were from patients with nosocomial bacteraemia. No differences in Charlson��s comorbidity index were observed among patients with S.?aureus bacteraemia, although there was a greater incidence of cerebrovascular disease, dementia, hemiplegia and diabetes Veliparib mouse mellitus with end-organ damage in the group with MRSA bacteraemia, and of metastatic solid tumours in the group with MSSA bacteraemia (Table?1). Table?2 summarizes the results obtained with respect to the antibiotics used in the bacteraemic episode. The proportions of patients with MRSA or with MSSA infections treated with antibiotics at the time of blood culture were 46.8% and 25.0%, respectively (p?Temozolomide manufacturer Differences in total duration of antibiotic therapy were not statistically significant. The most frequently used (over 5%) empirical antibiotics in patients with resistant and susceptible strains were as follows: vancomycin (16.4% and 15.7%, respectively), amoxycillin�Cclavulanic acid (16.4% and 16.0%), ciprofloxacin (9.4% and 4.4%), piperacillin�Ctazobactam (8.2% and 5.2%), imipenem (7.5% and 5.0%), and levofloxacin (6.3% and 6.7%). The most frequently used targeted antibiotics in MRSA and MSSA bacteraemia were as follows: vancomycin (26.1% and 9.7%, respectively), teicoplanin (12.8% and 5.0%), linezolid (8.0% and 2.4%), amoxycillin�Cclavulanic acid (6.6% and 9.5%), and imipenem (5.8% and 3.7%). As shown in Table?3, the number of complementary tests was greater in patients with resistant microorganisms than in the MSSA-infected patients. As compared with the latter, patients with MRSA infection had an increased LOS (2.2 additional days), a higher rate of admission to the ICU (7.6% more), and a lower rate of re-admission to hospital because of ineffective therapy (0.7% less) (Table?3). No differences were observed in the number of external consultations or in the resources used for antibiotic preparation and administration. Average costs were estimated per episode DDR1 of bacteraemia. Twenty-one per? cent of patients were hospitalized in infectious diseases units and 36% in the internal medicine department. The results of the analysis of costs for the base case are shown in Table?4. The greater consumption of resources observed in cases of bacteraemia caused by MRSA generated a greater cost per episode than for the MSSA cases. The main determinants of the difference in costs were the greater risk of admission to the ICU and the increased LOS for patients with bacteraemia due to MRSA. The average costs per episode of bacteraemia were ��11044.59 and ��9839.25, with and without staphylococcal resistance to methicillin, respectively (a difference of ��1205.34; 1.12-fold greater cost for MRSA episodes) (Table?4).