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Studies have been conducted regarding arresting active caries in Japan and other Asian countries, Australia and South America for a considerable period of time [23]. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF): Since 1960s Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used for arresting caries. The silver ion has bactericidal properties, and it is not caustic because it lacks the nitrate group. Concentration: Although attempted in different concentrations, 38% SDF is the most widely studied concentration in clinical trials. A single application of 38% SDF, with or without the use of tea as a reducing agent, was significantly more effective in arresting dental caries in both the anterior and posterior primary dentitions of young children than 12% SDF and no application (control) [8]. In another study 10% SDF solution showed a faster ability to inactivate lesions compared to the other non-invasive techniques tested (GIC and CTT) [14]. Clinical trials have analysed the caries arresting efficacy of SDF over varying period of time ranging from three months to three years. In a prospective randomized trial a single application of 38% SDF was sufficient to prevent only 50% of the arrested surfaces at 6 months from reverting to active lesions again over 24 months. Arresting caries effect of 38% SDF decreases slowly over time [8]. An 18 months prospective controlled clinical trial showed that annual applications of SDF solution are effective in arresting dentin caries in primary anterior teeth [29]. The 30-month results of a study reported that the annual application of SDF solution was effective in arresting dentin caries in primary anterior teeth [13]. In a split-mouth study, 10% SDF showed a greater capacity for arresting the carious lesions than CTT and GIC at three and six months. At the 12-month follow-up examination, SDF and GIC were equivalent at arresting the lesions, but both were more efficient than CTT. At 18- and 30-month evaluations, no differences were observed among the 3 groups. After 30 months of follow up, SDF exhibited a faster ability to inactivate lesions compared to the other non-invasive techniques tested [14]. Another 36-month controlled clinical trial using 38% SDF solution proved that the six-monthly application of SDF is efficacious to arrest caries showing high preventive fraction of SDF in deciduous dentition [30]. A controlled clinical trial showed greater PI3K inhibitor number of active root caries surfaces which became arrested in group with OHI and SDF application annually, plus an oral health education (OHE) programme every six months as compared to other groups with OHI annually and group with OHI and SDF application annually [9]. In vitro studies showed that SDF possess an antimicrobial activity against cariogenic biofilms of Streptococcus mutans [8,15]. Lacto?bacillus acidophilus [8] and A. Naeslundii [15] formed on dentine surfaces.