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The 30 s periods before the onset of hypoxia and the highest response during ON-01910 solubility dmso the 1 min period of hypoxia were used to calculate the acute hypoxic response, with each protocol provided multiple hypoxic periods. The study was powered to detect a difference in the main outcome measure (oxygen consumption) of 50 mL/min. Previous work [9] indicates that the standard deviation of this change in human subjects is ~25 mL/min; Lehr��s formula thus estimates a sample size of 4 for 80% power at the 5% level, so 6 subjects achieve at least this power [16]. Results were assessed using factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), with factors being ��subject��, ��drug��, and (for metabolic data) ��time�� [17]. Post-hoc differences were assessed using t-tests. Significance was assumed when p ZD6474 ic50 3. Results Figure 1 (A�CB) shows the gas input profile and ventilatory response for one example subject. Gas control was good with sharp steps into and out of hypoxia while PETCO2 was held suitably constant. Figure 1 (C�CE) shows the resulting ventilatory responses. It appeared that amifostine, in increasing doses, increased the response to hypoxia and perhaps, at the highest dose, increased basal ventilation. Figure 1 Panels A and B: Gas input protocol for one example subject for the ~20 min period of measurement of hypoxic ventilatory response. Panel A, PETCO2; Panel B, PETO2 profile. Panels C�CE: Ventilatory responses for one example subject for the ~20 min ... Figure 2 shows the metabolic gas exchange data for all subjects combined. There appears to be a decline over time TRIB1 in V�BCO2, but less so in V�BO2 such that RQ declines over time. However, there does not seem to be a pronounced drug effect. This was confirmed by data analysis. ANOVA for V�BCO2 indicated significant effects over ��time�� (p = 0.038), but not of ��drug�� (p = 0.532) or of the interactive term (��drug�� * ��time��, p = 0.935). However, the downward trend in V�BO2 over time was not significant (p = 0.113), nor was there a significant ��drug�� effect (p = 0.765). Thus, the corresponding downward trend in RQ over time was significant (ANOVA; p = 0.001). Again, this reduction was not dependent on variation in ��drug�� (p = 0.677) or of the interactive term (p = 0.321). Figure 2 Mean �� SD for all subjects, of V�BCO2 (Panel A), V�BO2 (Panel B) and RQ over time for control (��), 500 mg amifostine (��) and 1000 mg amifostine (��) protocols. The ��first period�� represents ... Table 1 shows the data for each individual and for the group as a whole. Amifostine did not have an effects on baseline ventilation (the ��drug�� effect in ANOVA NS, p = 0.402). However, the drug increased hypoxic ventilatory response (��drug�� effect in ANOVA p = 0.