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5��C �C 37.4��C; minimum temperature range, 11.9��C �C 17.1��C) (Table?1). Thus, survival time for both the viruses was comparable at ET. At 37��C HAV was relatively more stable than HEV. However, the reduction pattern differed; HAV declined steadily over time whereas a sudden decrease was noted for HEV at the third week, reaching a plateau during weeks 3�C8. These results reflect stability of specific viral genotypes prevalent in India. Of the 403 samples collected from four locations of the Mutha Histone demethylase river, 77 (19.1%) were positive for HAV and 20 (4.9%) were positive for HEV RNA (Table?1). Prevalence of HAV was significantly higher than that of HEV for all four locations (p?selleck chemical lake samples (n?=?57) were negative for HAV and HEV, emphasizing the significant role of sewage discharge in maintaining a high prevalence of these enteric viruses. Overall, at a constant temperature of 37��C, HAV was more stable than HEV, while under daily temperature variations, both viruses survive similarly. The highest and lowest temperatures in Pune recorded during the study were 40.5��C and 11.9��C, respectively. The rapid, earlier degradation of HEV, as compared with HAV, may be one of the factors in the lower endemicity of HEV [12]. selleckchem Many studies have dealt with the prevalence of viruses in sewage samples and waste water samples [6,10,13,14] and survival of HAV under different conditions. These include the survival of HAV on fomites till 60?days [15], in bottled mineral water at 4��C for over 1?year and at room temperature for 300?days [16], and little or no decay in river water during an observation period of 48?days [17]. Incubation of seawater from Spanish coastal areas with HAV for 30?days at 5��C and 25��C resulted in lower inactivation at 5��C and more pronounced decay at 25��C [18]. Though the detection methods are different, stability of HAV is noteworthy. The higher stability of HAV at a constant higher temperature than at fluctuating temperatures suggests that the virus survival/adaption is better at constant temperature in the incubator than at the fluctuating temperatures observed in nature.