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Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated by using Devereux's formula, and was indexed for body surface area and height. Left atrium diameter (LAD) was measured during systole along the parasternal longaxis view from the 2-dimensional guided M-mode tracing; LA length was measured from the apical 4-chamber view during systole. The maximum LA volume (LAV) was calculated from apical 4- and 2-chamber zoomed views of PTPRJ the LA using the biplane method of disks. Ejection fraction was measured using a modified Simpson biplane method. Each representative value was obtained from the average of 3 measurements. Pulsed-wave Doppler examination was performed to obtain the following indices of LV diastolic function: peak mitral inflow velocities at early SCR7 price (E) and late (A) diastole and E/A ratio. Average values of these indices obtained from 5 consecutive cardiac cycles were used for analysis. Device interrogation and data analysis All DM1 patients underwent device interrogation to evaluate sensing/pacing parameters, leads impedance and battery voltage. The devices used in this study were programmed to detect the episodes of atrial tachycardia and to record summary and detailed data, atrial and ventricular electrograms (EGMs) included. We counted: the number of premature atrial beats; the number and the mean duration of AF episodes occurred; AF burden �C defined as the quantity of AF (minutes/ day) retrieved from the device data logs; the percentage of atrial and ventricular pacing in synchronous rhythm during the collection period. Atrial tachycardia episodes, Roxadustat solubility dmso identified by regular atrial activity, were excluded from the analysis. Statistical analysis Continuous variables are expressed as mean �� standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test for unpaired data. p values