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Model function was validated using clinically relevant kinematic measures in three planes. Agreement varied depending on the measure, Rapamycin mouse with average absolute deviations of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/jq1.html of different cross-link configurations in improving fixation stability in these fractures has not been established. A 3D finite element model of T11-L3 was used to investigate the biomechanical behavior of short (2 level) and long (4 level) segmental spine pedicle screw fixation with various cross-links to treat a hypothetical L1 vertebra burst fracture. Three types of cross-link configurations with an applied moment of 7.5?Nm and 200?N axial force were evaluated. The long construct was stiffer than the short construct irrespective of whether the cross-links were used (p?IRS1 was used. Thus, the stability for L1 burst fracture fixation was best achieved by using long segmental posterior instrumentation constructs and an XL cross-link configuration. Cross-links did not improved stability when a short structure was used. ? 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1447�C1454, 2013 ""Fracture repair is a well orchestrated process involving various cell types and signaling molecules. The hedgehog signaling pathway is activated in chondrocytes during fracture repair and is known to regulate chondrogenesis however, its role in osteoblasts during injury is yet unknown. In this study we observed tibial fracture repair in mice in which hedgehog signaling was modulated through genetic alterations of the pathway activator, smoothened. Levels of the hedgehog target genes Gli1 and Ptch1 in wildtype mice were upregulated in fracture calluses throughout the repair process. Forced activation of the hedgehog pathway in ubiquitous fashion resulted in increased matrix deposition in the fracture callus.