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6%). Moreover, the frequency of IL-4 was 5.9% in GH and GG sites, and 9.1% in PA sites; however, it was not detected either in PG or PP sites, which is rather unusual. Finally, the frequency of TSLP detection was 5.9% in GG sites and 9.1% in PP sites. IL-33 was below the detection limit of the assay for all S6 Kinase samples. No statistically significant association was found between sites of GCF collection and the frequency of detection of IFN-�� (p?=?0.35). Table?5 summarizes the amount of IFN-�� (pg/site) in GCF samples. There was a statistically significant increase in periodontitis sites as compared to healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis (p?=?0.035). A statistically significant decrease was found between gingivitis sites in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis and healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis (p?=?0.047, using the Mann�CWhitney U-test without adjustment for multiple comparisons). No statistically significant differences were found Selleckchem LY294002 either in IFN-�� amount or in IFN-�� concentration (pg/mL, results not shown) between any of the groups studied, using the Mann�CWhitney U-test with or without adjustment for multiple comparisons. NS (p?=?0.544) NS (p?=?0.262) NS (p?=?0.344) NS (p?=?0.727) NS (p?=?0.166) NS (p?=?0.050) NS (p?=?0.926) NS (p?=?0.746) NS (p?=?0.111) NS (p?=?0.161) NS (p?=?0.378) NS (p?=?0.610) NS (p?=?0.069) No statistical significant association was observed between any of the clinical variables (probing depth, BOP, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Lapatinib-Ditosylate.html PI, redness) and the frequency of detection of analytes in GCF samples (results not shown). Here we investigated the presence and levels of IFN-�� and IL-4, as ��reference�� Th1 and Th2 cytokines, respectively, along with that of IL-33 and TSLP, in GCF samples. We compared different sites from chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects. These different sites were distinguished by clinical variables (i.e., healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites) in the same patient with chronic periodontitis. In the present study, a significant association between the clinical status of the site of GCF collection and GCF volume was observed (p?