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Statistical analysis The swallowing treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing the scores before and after treatment. The results were expressed as the mean �� SD for variables with normal distribution. Upon rejection of the normality hypothesis (by the Wilk-Shapiro test), we used the median and minimum/maximum values. Paired Student��s t test was applied to data with a normal distribution. When normality was rejected, the Wilcoxon test was used. Categorical variables were expressed as the number and percentage and analyzed by the McNemar test. All p-values were two-sided, and a p-value Histone demethylase patients receiving mechanical ventilation who were admitted to ICUs from October 2006 to October 2007 were screened. Of those, 81 patients did not participate in the study for various reasons. Sixteen dysphagic patients matched all of the inclusion criteria; 8 were neurological patients, and 8 were non-neurological patients. the mean age was 56.6 �� 25.4, and a total of 11 males and 5 females were included. The mean hospital stay was 46.9 �� 17.0 days, the mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 32.4 �� 11.6 days, and the mean duration of tracheostomy was 16.5 �� 11.2 days. The demographic and individual characteristics of these patients are described in table 1. Table 1 Demographic data and characterization find more of individuals in the sample All patients underwent the rehabilitation program; two died during the course of therapy. There was 100% agreement between www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html the assessments conducted by the speech-language pathologist and the otorhinolaryngologist in the diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The rehabilitation program characteristics are described in table 2. Table 2 Overall features of the speech rehabilitation program Data collected pre and post swallowing therapy for the 14 surviving patients were compared. Analysis of the scores showed a significant improvement on all scales (OSS: pre - 9.0 (3.0 - 15.0), post - 2.5 (0.0 - 8.0), p = 0.0007; SFS: pre - 4.5 (3.0 - 6.0), post - 1.0 (0.0 - 3.0), p = 0.001 and OSFS: pre - 8.0 (6.0 - 10.0), post - 3.0 (0.0 - 6.0), p = 0.0004), as shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Comparison between the oropharyngeal structural score, swallowing functional score and otorhinolaryngological structural and functional score pre and post treatment. Before speech therapy, four patients presented grade 1 dysphagia, and 10 patients presented grade 2 dysphagia. In the group with grade 1 dysphagia, two patients (50.0%) achieved full improvement; however, in those patients with grade 2 dysphagia, four (40.0%) achieved full improvement, and two (20.