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Careful ROV excavations of a discrete small asphalt mound showed a structure with a rounded base (Fig. 4) with no obvious subsurface asphalt attachment, suggesting that it was extruded elsewhere. check details Deck-based observations of retrieved samples suggest asphalt mounds range from a near-liquid consistency to hardened solid structures. The asphalt mounds were typically densely covered with epifauna (74.5% of mounds imaged at suitable resolution for faunal observations [n=106 photographs] had visible epifauna). Antipatharians (3.6��2.3% s.e.) and poriferans (2.6��1.9% s.e.) accounted for the highest mean percentage of the observed cover, with actinarians (0.9��0.4% s.e.) and alcyonaceans (0.4��0.2% s.e.) covering smaller proportions of the area Individual asphalt mounds varied considerably in coverage of attached epifauna (from 0% to 236%). The area of each asphalt mound was positively correlated with the percentage cover of epifaunal organisms (Spearman?s rank correlation rho=0.31 pR428 order inhabited the asphalt mounds preferentially and 27 taxa were apparently normal soft-sediment fauna (Table 1; Fig. 6). It is not possible to ascertain if any species preferentially or exclusively live on asphalt mounds as opposed to other hard substrata. A total of 11 fish taxa, 14 echinoderms, 2 molluscs, 4 arthropods (one species, Munidopsis sp., was only found associated with one piece of wood ( Fig. 6J) and was omitted from further analysis), 12 cnidarians and 6 sponges were found ( Table 1). No scleractinian corals were observed. Owing to limited sample sizes, it is expected that these observations are an underestimate of true species richness. Close-up photographs revealed that the surface of the asphalt mounds with attached megafaunal organisms UGT1A7 ranged from being apparently bare to having a relatively dense macrofauna growing on and living within interstices between the asphalt mounds. The macrofauna mostly comprised polychaetes, ophiuroids, and small arborescent structures, possibly cnidarians, foraminiferans or bryozoans. Occasional small gastropods and encrusting sponges or bryozoans were also seen. Some mounds were covered in thin (