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4). Cystic degeneration within the epithelium is not a common finding. The ectomesenchymal tumour component is that of an embryonic, cell-rich mesenchyme mimicking the dental papilla or primitive pulp tissue. The cells are rounded or angular and fibroblast-like, and there are very few and delicate collagen fibrils. These morphological characteristics are of great importance when differentiating this tumour from the ameloblastoma in which the stroma is a mature, fibrous connective tissue. The degree of cellularity varies within one and the same tumour and between tumours. Some areas of the ectomesenchymal tumour tissue may show a loose myxomatous structure with a weakly positive metachromatic intercellular substance. Although a cell-free zone and/or a zone of hyalinisation may be found at the epithelial�Cconnective tissue interface, induction phenomena, resulting in dental hard tissue formation, do not as per definition occur in AFs. A definite capsule is considered an unusual feature of the AF. Melanin granules within the epithelial tumour component have been found in some cases of AFs.9 10 The ultrastructure of AF has been examined by Farman et al.11 In comparing the follicular ameloblastoma with the AF, the authors found that changes in the basal lamina region in both tumours are Ruxolitinib cost consistent with attempted inductive stimulation, possibly very similar to that during normal odontogenesis. Both tumours revealed differing degrees of thickening of the lamina densa by a granulofilamentous material. In no case was this granulofilamentous zone wide enough to account for the hyaline cell-free bands seen in light microscopy. The ultrastructural changes described by Farman et al11 are very similar to those reported by van Wyk and van der Vyver10 who described the epithelial connective tissue interface in a case of AF with initial dentinoid formation (early ameloblastic fibrodentinoma). Where dentinoid material, consisting of dense collagen bundles, was evident, the interface showed, in some areas, an interrupted basal lamina coated with a dense ��brush border�� of aperiodic fibrils and the epithelial cells were cylindrical, with their nuclei situated proximally. A malignant counterpart of the AF has been described, according to a review by Muller et al12 in as many as 51 cases. Yet another case was added very recently.13 The ameloblastic fibrosarcoma, the term that is applied for this rare tumour, is characterised by a malignant transformation of the ectomesenchymal component and not the odontogenic epithelium. The average age at the time of diagnosis for ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is 27.5?years as opposed to 14.8?years for the AF. This age difference supports a step-wise progression of a benign to a malignant tumour as opposed to a de novo malignancy.