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, 2006). We hypothesised that any effect of favourable perceptions of the route environment on walking and cycling behaviours might be directly mediated by weak psychological measures relating to car use (Kremers et al., 2006). We also tested for any moderating effects of habit strength and availability of car parking at work on the association between perceptions of the lazabemide environment and behaviour in the maximally adjusted model, as previous conceptual models postulated that habit may act in this way (Kremers et al., 2006) and car parking availability appears to be strongly associated with travel behaviour (Willson and Shoup, 1990). Analyses were not adjusted for workplace clustering because the intraclass correlation of behaviour (ICC) within workplaces was 0. All analyses were conducted in Stata 11.1. Of 1582 participants who were sent a questionnaire, 1142 returned a completed questionnaire and reported commuting in the last seven days. In total, 419 participants who reported using a car most often on their commute were included in this analysis (Table?1), of whom 31% PS 341 (n?=?131) reported regularly incorporating walking or cycling into their car journeys. These participants were more likely to be older (mean age 43.7 versus 41.4?years), female (76.6% versus 63.9%) and overweight (43.7% versus 33.5%), to live in a rural location (55.9% versus 21.4%) and to own their home (85.4% versus 65.2%) than those excluded (all p?GSK1120212 order relating to car use were more likely to incorporate walking or cycling into a car journey (Table?2). Those who were overweight or obese were less likely to do so. In multivariable regression models, relatively few explanatory variables were associated with the likelihood of incorporating walking or cycling into car journeys (Table?3). In maximally adjusted models, only those who reported having to pay for parking (OR: 4.1, 95% CI 2.2 to 7.5) or had no car parking at work (OR: 26.0, 95% CI 11.8 to 57.2), and those who reported the most supportive environment for walking and cycling on their route (highest versus lowest tertile, OR: 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.5) were significantly more likely to incorporate walking or cycling into their car commutes. Neither habit (p?=?0.205) nor the availability of workplace car parking (p?=?0.