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e. birch, grass, Angiogenesis chemical cat and a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), by using the ADVIA Centaur? Specific IgE assay (Bayer HealthCare Diagnostics Divition, Tarrytown, NY, USA) (18). Atopy was defined as at least one positive test (��0.35?KU/L) for specific IgE. Spirometry was performed according to international standards (19) using the SpiroUSB from MicroMedical Limited, Rochester, Kent, UK. Every morning the two spirometers were checked with a 3-L syringe. Every 6 months the spirometers were checked with a decompression flow Itraconazole simulator (20). Predicted FEV1 was calculated from measured standing height, age and sex (21). FeNO measurements were performed using the NIOX MINO (Aerocrine AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Participants were tested in a standing upright position without a nose clip. Through a mouthpiece, participants inhaled to total lung capacity and exhaled at a constant pressure guided by visual and auditory cues to stabilise flow rate. A dynamic flow restrictor yielded a constant flow rate of 50?mL/s, in accordance with recommendations of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society guidelines for FeNO measurement (22). The device measured NO concentrations between 5 and 300?ppb. Measurements below 5?ppb were automatically set to 0. Selleckchem Vandetanib Exposure to ETS was assessed by the question ��How many hours per day do you usually stay in rooms exposed to tobacco smoke?�� with the following answer categories: ��More than 5?h��, ��1�C5?h��, ��1/2�C1?h��, ��Never��. Exposure to woodstove smoke was assessed by the questions: (i)?? ��Is it possible to supplement the heating in your residence with a fireplace/woodstove? Exposure to use of candles was assessed by the question: ��How often are you lighting candles during the evening in winter season?�� with the following answer categories: ��Daily (7 days per week)��, ��2�C6 days per week��, ��1 day per week or less��, ��Never or very seldom��. Statistics were performed using the statistical program SAS, version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA). All P values reported are two-tailed and statistical significance was defined as P?