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All reported p-values are two-tailed with p?GNAT2 motor vehicle accident in six patients, a fall from height in one patient and a crushing injury in six patients. In six patients the fracture of the humerus was associated with injury to another limb or organ system (polytrauma) and eight had complex or multiple ipsilateral upper-extremity injuries: five were associated with diaphyseal forearm fractures, resulting in floating elbow, seven open and with extensive muscle injury and one had an open elbow dislocation. Additional injuries to complex upper extremity trauma cases were a contralateral brachial plexus injury, an ipsilateral brachial artery rupture in five patients, a concomitant fracture of the ulna and a fracture dislocation of the wrist. The fixation techniques that were used for the selleck chemicals llc fracture treatment are shown in Table 2. Regarding fracture healing all closed fractures were healed, whereas two patients with open fractures developed a non-union. Both non-unions occurred in IIIC open fractures, associated with arm revascularization and flail elbow. These patients were excluded from the analysis of fracture healing time. Time to union was significantly longer in the high energy humeral shaft fractures, 18.7 weeks (range: 12�C32 weeks), compared to those which resulted from low energy trauma, 10.4 weeks (range: 8�C13 weeks) (p?=?0.003). Similarly, the open fractures had a significant longer consolidation time, 19.7 weeks (range: CDK phosphorylation 12�C32 weeks) than the closed fractures, 13.1 weeks (range: 8�C20 weeks) (p?=?0.024). Ten patients had the radial nerve in continuity, in eight of them the nerve was found intact and in two the nerve was entrapped between fracture fragments. The radial nerve was lacerated in four cases. In the remaining four patients the nerve was found severely damaged, with evidence of avulsion in two cases and extended crush in another two, resulting in irreparable lesions. Surgical findings in relation to the energy dissipated at the zone of trauma are summarized in Table 3. The intact radial nerves were freed from the surrounding tissues and were protected during fracture fixation.