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We also observed that on week 4, UniNX and Sham groups showed similar levels of circulating angiotensin 1 (Sham: 4.4 �� 0.2 ng/ml and UniNX: 4.2 �� 0.2 ng/ml) and angiotensin 2 (Sham: 6.5 �� 0.3 ng/ml and UniNX: 6.2 �� 0.2 ng/ml). Figure 7 Evolution over 4 weeks of plasma insulin (A), leptin (B), corticosterone (C), ghrelin (D), Dabrafenib purchase total T3 (E), and aldosterone (F) in Sham operated and UniNX rats. Values are means �� SE; n = 8/group. Serum and tissue cytokines IL1��, IL1��, IL1RA, IL6, IL10, ASP, CRP, EPO, TNF��, GM-CSF, IFN��, and neopterin were measured in serum after UniNX. Serum IL1��, GM-CSF, EPO, IFN��, and ASP were all higher in UniNX than in Sham controls from week 1 to week 4 (Figure ?(Figure8).8). Neopterin, a specific indicator of IFN�� activated macrophages, was also higher over the 4 week period in the UniNX group than in Sham controls. CRP, an indicator of liver inflammation state, was lower in the UniNX group from week 2 to week 4 (Figure ?(Figure88). Figure 8 Evolution over 4 weeks of serum IL1��, IL1��, IL1RA, IL6, IL10, ASP, C-reactive protein, erythropoietin, TNF��, GM-CSF, IFN��, and Neopterin in Sham operated and UniNX Talazoparib rats. Values are means �� SE; n = 8/group. **Pbinedaline Peritoneal macrophage ROS production was doubled in UniNX rats (Figure ?(Figure9),9), reflecting immune activation. Figure 9 TNF��, IL6, GM-CSF, and IFN�� cytokine levels in inguinal fat pad�CIWAT, epididymal fat pad�CEWAT, kidney, liver, and spleen on the 4th week in Sham operated and UniNX rats. Peritoneal macrophage reactive oxygen production ... Tissue SIRT1 and FXR protein levels Since SIRT1/FXR have anti-inflammatory properties it was decided to determine whether their levels were modified by UniNX. On week 4 SIRT1 and FXR proteins levels in IWAT, EWAT, kidney, and liver were higher in UniNX animals than in Sham controls. In sharp contrast, SIRT1 and FXR were lower in UniNX spleen (Figure ?(Figure1010). Figure 10 SIRT1 and FXR protein levels in liver, kidney, IWAT, kidney, and spleen on the 4th week in Sham operated and UniNX rats. Values are means �� SE; n = 8/group.*P