Got A Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II Problem ? Well Take A Look At This

, 2009?and?Hallem et?al., 2006). In particular, the DM1 glomerulus has a major role in attraction to food odors ( Semmelhack and Wang, 2009), suggesting that Xcbp1+ neurons might participate in Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II this process. Xcbp1-Gal4 is primarily expressed in brain centers and sensory organs that are involved in food source detection and odor processing and therefore may have a role in foraging behavior. We designed an assay to measure the foraging ability of Drosophila ( Figure?5A), and we first tested two wild-type (WT) D.?melanogaster lines (Canton-S and Oregon-R). We observed that starved flies efficiently found and immediately started consuming food ( Figure?5B, Extended Experimental Procedures, Movie S1). More than half of the WT flies found food within 3?hr, and we observed no significant differences Imatinib order between the WT strains (two-sample Komogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, not significant (NS), Figure?5C). We also quantified foraging performance by calculating an index of foraging speed (FSI) ( Figure?5D). These results suggested that WT D.?melanogaster flies were attracted to the food source in the second compartment in the assay. We tested whether these Xcbp1-positive (Xcbp1+) neurons are responsible for foraging behavior. Using a temperature-sensitive dominant-negative Dynamin allele, Shibirets1 ( Kitamoto, 2001), we specifically inactivated synaptic transmission in Xcbp1-Gal4+ neurons using Xcbp1-Gal4. When Xcbp1-Gal4?/ UAS-Shibirets1 flies were shifted to restrictive selleck chemical temperature (31��C) before testing to inhibit synaptic transmission in Xcbp1+ neurons, there was a sharp reduction in foraging performance as compared to WT flies ( Figures S5A and S5B). Both Xcbp1-Gal4 and UAS-Shibirets1 control flies behaved like WT flies at 24��C and 31��C ( Figure?S5). These data showed that Xcbp1+ neurons are necessary for foraging. We then measured the foraging behavior of D.?melanogaster when Xcbp1 was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi). Constitutive tubulin::Gal4-driven Xcbp1 RNAi (UAS::ds-Xcbp1) ( Dietzl et?al., 2007) reduced Xcbp1 transcript level sharply compared to controls, with no off-target effect on Cnx99a ( Figure?5B). Compared to controls, Xcbp1 RNAi flies (tubulin::Gal4?> > UAS::ds-Xcbp1) showed a significant reduction in foraging ability (KS test, p?