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Three patients with LGE on CMR had ventricular tachycardia (33%). Only one patient with a normal CMR met the reference diagnostic criteria for CS. There was an association with pulmonary stage and LGE on CMR in that CS was less common with stage I disease (11%) compared to stage III or IV (67%). However, LGE was seen across all stages. Conclusion:?CMR has a higher sensitivity and may have more optimal specificity for the diagnosis of CS compared click here to the current diagnostic criteria. Given cardiac involvement accounts for the majority of deaths from sarcoidosis, in particular the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death, we suggest a greater role for CMR in the diagnosis of CS. JAFFAR J1, CHRZANOWSKI W2, FAIZ A1, WOLTERS P3, OLIVER B1, BLACK J1, BURGESS J1 1Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 2The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3The University of California, San Francisco, USA Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatally progressive interstitial KU-55933 supplier lung disease with no current treatment. Dysregulation of the lung fibroblast is an important driver of pulmonary fibrogenesis. Progressive fibrosis, driven by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF��1), leads to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and results in the loss of lung function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the production of ECM proteins fibulin-1, periostin, tenascin-C and fibronectin, and the stiffness of the matrix of isolated pulmonary fibroblasts grown in culture under basal and TGF��1-stimulated conditions. Primary parenchymal fibroblasts derived from 5 patients with IPF and 4 subjects without lung disease were assessed for levels of mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR and for levels of cellular protein by western blot. Stiffness (Young's modulus) of fibroblasts was measured using atomic force microscopy. Whole CYTH4 lung lysate from 4 patients with IPF and 4 subjects without lung disease was collected and protein levels were measured by western blot. Fibroblasts derived from patients with IPF had significantly higher levels of fibulin-1 mRNA (p?