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8 and 6.7?log-units. The application of an energy fluence Vatalanib (PTK787) 2HCl Lasers Surg. Med. 43:241�C248, 2011. ? 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ""5181" "Bacterial arthritis does not respond well to antibiotics and moreover multidrug resistance is spreading. We previously tested photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by systemic Photofrin? in a mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) arthritis, but found that neutrophils were killed by PDT and therefore the infection was potentiated. The present study used Docetaxel ic50 an intra-articular injection of Photofrin? and optimized the light dosimetry in order to maximize bacterial killing and minimize killing of host neutrophils. MRSA (5?��?107?CFU) was injected into the mouse knee followed 3 days later by 1??g of Photofrin? and 635-nm diode laser illumination with a range of fluences within 5 minutes. Synovial fluid was sampled 6 hours or 1�C3, 5, and 7 days after PDT to determine MRSA colony-forming units (CFU), neutrophil numbers, and levels of cytokines. A biphasic light dose response was observed with the greatest reduction of MRSA CFU seen with a fluence of 20?J?cm?2, whereas lower antibacterial efficacy was observed with fluences that were either lower or higher. Consistent with these results, a significantly higher concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-2, a CXC chemokine, and greater accumulation of neutrophils were seen in the infected knee joint after PDT with a fluence of 20?J?cm?2 compared to fluences of 5 or 70?J?cm?2. PDT for murine MRSA arthritis requires appropriate light dosimetry to simultaneously maximize bacterial killing and neutrophil accumulation into the infected site, while too little light does not kill sufficient bacteria and too much light kills neutrophils and damages host tissue as well as bacteria and allows bacteria to http://www.selleckchem.com/products/EX-527.html grow unimpeded by host defense. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:221�C229, 2011. ? 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ""5182" "Failure of treatment for high-grade gliomas is usually due to local recurrence at the site of surgical resection indicating that a more aggressive form of local therapy such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be of benefit. The increase in brain edema following PDT using endogenous and exogenous photosensitizers was compared in terms of animal survival, MR imaging, and histopathological changes in normal brain. Fischer rats were exposed to increasing laser light treatment following intraperitoneal injection of either the photosensitizers 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2a).