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aeruginosa (Pa) occurs during adaptation to the CF airways when chronic infection occurs. The resistance gene, mexZ, and virulence gene, lasR, are common mutation targets. Forty percent of The Prince selleck kinase inhibitor Charles Hospital (TPCH) CF patients have AUST-02 Pa strain infection. Aim:?To assess the intraclonal diversity in mexZ and LasR genes in AUST-02 in patients with CF between 2001�C08. Method:?We randomly selected 152 AUST-02 isolates from patients attending Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) and TPCH CF centres from 2001 to 2008. Isolates were subjected to mexZ and lasR sequencing and assigned individual sequence types (ST). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Result:?Two mexZ (M2 and M3) and 34 lasR STs (L1-L34) were identified. The proportion of AUST-02 with mutant M3 increased three-fold during the study period (5% vs. 17%; p-value: 0.0003). All AUST-02/ M3 isolates were identified in patients attending TPCH. Similarly, lasR mutations were more common in the recent collection (2006 onwards) than earlier years (2001�C02) (60% vs. 36%; p?Vatalanib (PTK787) 2HCl (58% vs. 37%; p-value: 0.001). 16 AUST-02 isolates from 10 unrelated patients shared a novel mexZ / lasR ST combination (aka M3L7) which was identified only in TPCH between 2006�C08 and was absent from earlier isolates or RCH. All M3L7 isolates were MDR and resistant to most antibiotics tested including colsitin. Patients with M3L7 infection were older (25 vs. 22 years; p?Selleck EX527 more IV antibiotics than other STs. (34 vs. 16 days/ past 12 months; p?