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At this time point, only 51% of itgav/b8 double morphants have fully formed CtAs (n?=?59, Fig.?6I). The recovery continues at 98?hpf when the majority of wild type embryos (97%) have fully formed CtAs compared with only 76% in itgav/b8 double morphants (n?=?103 in wt; n?=?59 in itgav/b8 morphants; Fig.?5I). While these data suggest recovery of CtA defects over time, it is clear that the double selleck products morphants have angiogenic delay. Similar results are found when the number of CtAs was analyzed. The number of CtAs was analyzed from embryos at 48?hpf (Supplemental Table 10). On average, wild type embryos have 13 fully formed CtAs (n?=?6 embryos). In contrast, bbh and itgav/b8 double morphants have a significantly decreased average number of CtAs with 8 per embryo (n?=?5 embryos and p?UNC2881 ventrally and the joint of dorsal longitudinal vein (DLV) and posterior cerebral vein (PCeV) vessels dorsally. Wild type CtAs are significantly longer than those of bbh mutants or itgav/b8double morphants (p?=?0.002 in bbh mutants, p?=?0.001 in ��v��8 morphants; Supplemental Table 11). 3 wild types, 7 bbh mutants and 6 itgav/b8 double morphants were analyzed. CtA lengths in bbh mutants and itgav/b8 double morphants are not different from each other (p?=?0.260, Fig.?7B). This effect is specific to cerebral angiogenesis as when we examined Selleckchem SRT1720 the ventral head vasculature, the blood vessels formed during vasculogenesis appeared normal (Supplemental Figs. 6A, B, D, E, G, H). Furthermore, both vasculogenic and angiogenic vasculature in the trunk appeared normal (Supplemental Figs. 6C, F, I). Although we observed recovery in a large percentage of bbh mutants at 4?dpf, some mutants with otherwise normal morphology never recover growth of their CtA vessels. We hypothesized that lack of early angiogenesis would influence the survival of mutant embryos. Of 130 wild type embryos with fully formed CtAs at 4?dpf, 96.2% survived until 6?dpf Embryos with a normal�\sized swim bladder and normal morphology were scored as surviving. Similarly, of 106 bbh with fully formed CtAs at 4?dpf, 74.5% survived until 6?dpf. However, of 50 bbh with abnormal CtAs, only 6% survived to 6?days of development (Supplemental Fig. 7). Assuming that CtA development is a marker of normal angiogenesis, our data suggests that angiogenesis is absolutely required for the survival of developing zebrafish embryos to 6?dpf.