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One patient had a sustained high LST index, and elimination of dairy milk products was continued. At 4?years of age, she underwent an oral challenge test. On ingestion of 5?mL of milk, she exhibited fever, loose stool, poor appearance and increased white blood cell counts, which was considered a positive provocation test. Therefore, slow oral immunotherapy was started using 1/20 of the threshold dose, with fat intake at least four times per week. This was steadily increased by 20% over 2?weeks without inducing symptoms. The characteristics of neonatal and infantile GI allergies are diverse, and selleck they generally remit spontaneously. However, patients who do not develop tolerance may be suitable choices for oral immunotherapy. ""The small airways are an important site of inflammation in asthma. However, the relation between small airway dysfunction and clinical expression of asthma has hardly been studied. To investigate the association of small and large airway dysfunction with asthma symptoms and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Fifty-eight patients with asthma were characterized with spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, alveolar and bronchial exhaled nitric oxide, and a methacholine provocation. Symptoms of nocturnal asthma, exercise-related symptoms, BHR symptoms, and respiratory symptoms were assessed with the Asthma Control Questionnaire and Bronchial Hyper-responsiveness Questionnaire. Perception of dyspnea was rated with the Borg score SCH772984 price during the provocation test. Small and large airway dysfunction did not associate with higher scores for nocturnal, exercise-related, or BHR symptoms. Only higher scores on wheezing were significantly associated with higher values of difference between R5 and R20 (R5�CR20) (r?=?0.367, P?Ritonavir The increase in dyspnea during the methacholine provocation was strongly and independently correlated with the decrease in FEV1 and reactance of the respiratory system at 5?Hertz. Small and large airway dysfunction poorly associate with asthma symptoms in our patients. However, deteriorations in small airway dysfunction are strongly related to an increase in dyspnea during bronchial provocation with methacholine. Small airway dysfunction contributes also independently to the clinical expression of asthma, as reflected by the severity of BHR. ""To cite this article: Linkosalo L, Lehtim?ki L, Holm K, Kaila M, Moilanen E. Relation of bronchial and alveolar nitric oxide to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in atopic children and adolescents. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 360�C366.