Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease Shows You Emerging Key Terms . . Our Group Step Into The Operation

T was 0.05?s in our analyses. To analyze the activity of the retractor in response to CS stimuli we first rectified and then smoothed the retractor activity with a running Gaussian average (width of 100 ms). For responses during inside steps we then determined the maximum retractor activation in a time window of 150 ms after CS stimulation and normalized these to the average maximum response during control stimulations. The resulting activation strength was then plotted against the instantaneous phase of the FL step cycle. To characterize retractor responses during Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease outside steps we first determined the average retractor activity in a time window of 100 ms before CS stimulation and 100 ms after CS stimulation. We then subtracted the average activity after CS stimulation from the activity before CS stimulation and divided the difference by the sum of the two activities; the resulting value (also known as Michelson contrast) varied between -1 and 1. Values larger than 0 thereby indicated an increase in retractor activation after CS stimulation, Alpelisib nmr values below 0 indicated a decrease. These values were plotted against the phase of the FL step cycle, defined by the start of one stance phase to the start of the next, using circular statistics (Berens, 2009). In addition, we determined the instantaneous phase of FL steps during inside steps at the times when either no retractor activation occurred in response to CS stimulation or when protractor activation was observed. For the analysis of the mesothoracic motor activity during FL stepping, data were first analyzed with respect to walking leg step cycle, again defined by the start of one stance phase to the start of the next, using circular statistics (Berens, 2009). Phase histograms were used to compare motor neuron activity in steps with different cycle periods. Polar plots for mesothoracic motor activity show mean vectors of activity in the step cycle for each experiment. Vectors that had significant lengths are marked with an asterisk (Rayleigh test with a value of 0.005 [Batschelet, 1981]). The vector length from MG-132 purchase most experiments was highly significant due to the large number of spikes. For the overall mean vector of all experiments no test of significance was done due to the varying number of spikes and steps in the experiments. A cross-correlation between pro- and retractor MN activities was done for the complete recording time including the time between stepping sequences. Between stepping sequences, pro- and retractor MNs are tonically active (B��schges and Schmitz, 1991). The cross-correlation function mirrors the episodic occurrence of the stepping sequences and, if it exists, a periodic coupling between pro- and retractor MN activities. Significance levels marked with asterisks are as follows: * p