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629 �� 0.002, 0.655 �� 0.003, and 0.624 �� 0.003 in islet transplantation, mild hyperglycemia, and moderate hyperglycemia, respectively (P the mild hyperglycemia and islet transplantation groups, compared with the hyperglycemia group (Figure?5). Volume density of �� cells in the pancreas of control rats averaged 0.83% �� 0.17% and 1.25% �� 0.13% at 4 and 8 months, respectively (Figure?6A). Insulin staining in hyperglycemic rats revealed minimal ��-cell volume density (0.02% �� 0.00% positive cells at 4 months and 0.06% �� 0.01% positive Alkannin cells at 8 months). In contrast, ��-cell volume density in rats with moderate hyperglycemia averaged 0.11% �� 0.02% and 0.20% �� 0.03% at 4 and 8 months, respectively. Similar ��-cell volume was estimated in mild hyperglycemic rats, compared with moderate hyperglycemia. Selleck MAPK Inhibitor Library The maximum increase in ��-cell volume occurred in?rats with islet transplantation at 8 months, with 0.39%?��?0.09% positively stained, compared with rats with moderate hyperglycemia (P were organized in clusters resembling islets with almost half the size of control islets (Figure?6B). Representative images of insulin-stained cells of the five groups at 8 months are shown in Figure?7. Islets from the transplanted group were organized in a structure similar to native islets in pancreas of the control group. ��-cell density in islets of Metformin clinical trial control rats was approximately 17.8 �� 2.2 �� cells/��m3 at 4 months and 21.7 �� 1.5 �� cells/��m3 at 8 months. In hyperglycemic rats, ��-cell density was substantially reduced, by almost 83% at 4 months and by 87% at 8 months (Figure?6C). In the moderate hyperglycemic group at 8 months, ��-cell density averaged 6.1 �� 0.72 �� cells/��m3. A statistically significant increase in ��-cell density was observed in the islet transplantation treatment group at 8 months, compared with the moderate hyperglycemic group (9.2 �� 1.3 �� cells/��m3 versus 6.1 �� 0.72 �� cells/��m3) (P