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3, 4 Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents a broad spectrum of corneal and conjunctival epithelial neoplasias that range from dysplasia (conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] I, II, and III or mild, moderate or severe dysplasia respectively) to invasive Fleroxacin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).5 OSSN shares some risk factors with PT, in particular exposure to UV radiation. OSSN also varies worldwide with a prevalence of 1.9% estimated in Australia and age standardized incidence rates (cases/year/100,000 inhabitants) of 1.38 in Africa and an incidence of 0.05% in Europe.6 Because OSSN and pterygium share the same risk factors, they are believed to coexist and may even be related.7, 8 The relationship between both entities has been previously described in the literature. The prevalence of OSSN in PT is 9.8% in Brisbane, Australia8 and 5% in Sydney, Australia.7 In Florida, the prevalence is 1.7%,3 while it is 0% in Toronto, Canada.9 The different UV indices in various locations around the world are shown in Table 1. In addition, some case reports have shown that pterygium can masquerade as a wider array of epithelial neoplasia and even some hematological malignancies.10 Table 1 Average UV index in different locations around the world. Modified from: [1]. Selleck Luminespib The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of OSSN in PT specimens in a low UV area, mainly Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Methods All specimens received between 1993 and 2013 at the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory (McGill University, Montreal, Canada) were reviewed. All cases with a clinical diagnosis of PT were included in the study. The final pathological diagnosis and clinical information, including age and gender, were obtained. Squamous lesions were classified pathologically according to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) as PT, or CIN I, II, or III. All cases with dysplastic changes were reviewed independently by two pathologists. All data accumulation was in accordance with Canada and the see more Province of Quebec legislation and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data management and statistical analysis Data are presented as percentages and means?��?standard deviation (SD). The Student��s t-test was used to compare the average age at presentation of PT with and without OSSN. The association between gender and OSSN in PT was analyzed using Fisher exact test and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis). Differences were considered significant when P?