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CPM has been widely used in the field of satellite communication [9,10], which has high spectrum efficiency and constant-envelope features. Besides, it has many other excellent characteristics, such as a large number of alternative waveforms, flexible parameter adjusment, better compatibility with existing signals and so on. In the L band, a special subclass of CPM with semi-integer modulation index Epigenetics Compound Library mw h (h=H+1/2,?H��N) greater than one and satisfying a constraint h/2Tcpm=n?��?1.023?MHz can exhibit a similar spectral main lobe and yield comparable navigation performance compared to conventional binary offset carrier (BOC) denoted as BOC(n, m), where m?��?1.023 MHz is the spread spectrum code rate, n?��?1.023 MHz is the frequency of sub-carrier and Tcpm denotes the CPM signal symbol time [11]. The IRNSS will transmit navigation signals in the lower S band. BPSK(m) and BOC(n, m) centered on a frequency close to 2491 MHz are the specific waveforms [12]. Meanwhile, minimum shift keying (MSK) as a potentially promising C band signal waveform that has been investigated for the Galileo system [13], which is a special case of CPM. Unfortunately, the above modulation schemes can��t meet the requirement of compatibility in the S and C bands very well due to relatively high side lobes. Furthermore, different modulation waveforms employed by each band undoubtedly increase the user terminal complexity in the multi-band combined navigation mode. In view of this, we propose a universal modulation scheme based on the Selleckchem BMS777607 CPM family and design two specific CPM signals as S and C band solutions by virtue of their properties, which will make a single modulation waveform design possible and accelerate the practicality of multi-band combined navigation technology. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the mathematical model and power spectrum density (PSD) of CPM signals. The Section 3 provides a comprehensive evaluation criterion for GNSS signal design and introduces analytical methods in terms of anti-jamming performance. The proposed CPM signals together with other candidates are comprehensively evaluated in Section 4 and Section 5, respectively. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section 6. 2. CPM Signal 2.1. Mathematical Model The time-domain representation of CPM signals can be expressed as Evodiamine [14,15]: s(t)=2ETcos(2��f0t+?(t,��)+��0) (1) where the E, T, f0 and ��0 are the symbol energy, symbol period, carrier frequency and initial phase respectively, and ��(t,��) is the information-carrying phase denoted as: ?(t,��)=2��h��i=?�ޡަ�i��?��tg(��?iT)d��,??��