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Gentamicin clearance was calculated with the formula clearance?=?Kel?��?Vd. The Cockroft�CGault [11] and modified diet in renal disease [12] methods were used to estimate creatinine clearance. For this purpose, the serum creatinine concentration was measured on the first day of gentamicin therapy. We assessed the influence of the above variables on first-dose gentamicin Cmax. Standard descriptive statistics were used. Continuous variables were reported as medians (25�C75% interquartile range (IQR)), unless otherwise stated. Comparisons between groups were performed with unpaired Student��s t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann�CWhitney U-test or Kruskal�CWallis H-test for continuous variables, according to data distribution. E-64 Post?hoc multiple comparisons were performed with the Bonferroni test. The chi-square test was used to make comparisons between categorical variables. Correlation coefficient (r) and coefficient of determination (r2) were used to determine the relationship between two numerical variables. To determine JQ1 purchase which independently associated variables best predicted a first-dose gentamicin Cmax of at least 16?mg/L, we created a multivariable logistic regression model. The variables tested as predictors of a Cmax of at least 16?mg/L were ICU outcome, admission diagnoses (medical, surgical, trauma), SOFA score, sex, and gentamicin dose (mg/kg). These were considered for the multivariable logistic regression model if they: (i) were statistically significant in univariate analyses (p?R428 datasheet with a median SOFA score of 8 and a median Charlson comorbidity score of 4. The ICU mortality rate was 28.1% (N?=?9). The lung was the most common primary site of infection (N?=?18); six patients had intra-abdominal infection, and four had a central venous catheter-related infection. The majority of patients were medical patients (N?=?20, 62.5%), six were surgical patients (non-trauma), and five were trauma patients. Only one patient was classified as neurosurgical. Twenty patients were on mechanical ventilation, ten were on vasopressors, and three, with acute non-oliguric renal failure, were on renal replacement therapy. Patients were given a mean first gentamicin dose of 7.