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Associations of variables with PCP were expressed in terms of exact ORs with their 95%?CIs. Reported p-values are mid-p-values that adjusted for the discreteness of the distribution. All tests were two-sided, and p-values of MK-2206 research buy During this period, 750 patients underwent renal transplantation in our centre. The characteristics and outcome of PCP cases are reported in Table?1. All cases occurred late after PCP prophylaxis withdrawal, a median of 18?months after renal transplantation. All required hospital admission and presented with the usual features of PCP. It is of note that five patients (45%) presented with acute respiratory failure. The outcome was satisfactory after patients received high-dose cotrimoxazole therapy, except for two patients, one of whom died. This unusually low mortality rate might be related to the small sample size of our study or to the early diagnosis of PCP in our institution, Ibrutinib clinical trial which has a great deal of experience in PCP diagnosis and treatment, and where many human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients are taken care of. In the case�Ccontrol study, a number of variables were associated with the risk of PCP in the univariate analysis (Table?2). Indeed, and similar to what has been reported previously, a history of graft rejection was one of the strongest predictors of PCP, with an OR of 14.4 (95%?CI?2.1�Cinf, p?0.002) [4,5,7]. Also, the use of mTOR inhibitors (OR?7.7, 95%?CI?1.2�Cinf, p?0.02) and a longer duration of high-dose steroid use (OR?1.6 per month, 95%?CI: 1.04�C2.93, p?0.005) were both associated with a higher risk of PCP. Cases were, however, less likely than controls to have received calcineurin inhibitors (OR?0.09, 95%?CI?0�C0.67, p?0.004). Finally, a low lymphocyte count (TRIB1 univariate model were likely to be colinear with rejection, we tested, in a multivariate model, whether a low lymphocyte count (