One targeted AZD2014-Competition

""Glaucoma and various retinal diseases are leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Numerous retinal diseases are associated with and lead to various types of glaucoma. Ischemic conditions such as central retinal vein selleck chemical occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), central or branch retinal artery occlusion, malignancy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are associated with neovascular glaucoma.1 Various types of uveitis,2�C5 including Beh?et��s disease,6 sarcoidosis,4 syphilis,4 Fuchs�� iridocyclitis,4 and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis4 are causes of secondary glaucoma. Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with primary open-angle and primary-angle closure glaucoma.7 Patients with retinal detachments have higher rates of both ocular hypertension and glaucoma than people in the general public.8 Patients undergoing retinal procedures and retinal surgeries are at increased risk for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Intravitreal steroid injections, especially intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, are associated with elevations in IOP in approximately 50% of patients, which can require treatment with topical medications and, occasionally, glaucoma surgery.9,10 Panretinal photocoagulation is associated with elevated IOP11 and acute-angle closure glaucoma.12,13 Studies on intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections show an association with sustained IOP elevation14 requiring topical medications and, occasionally, glaucoma surgery.15 Vitreoretinal surgeries16 including both simple vitrectomy17 (eg, vitrectomy without gas, scleral buckle, or silicon oil) and complex vitrectomy,17,18 are associated with IOP elevation during the first 24 hours after the operation. In addition, vitrectomy with silicon oil19 and vitrectomy without silicon oil20,21 are both associated with the development of glaucoma. Studies have documented the risk of elevated IOP and glaucoma in patients with certain retinal diseases and in certain postoperative or post-procedure retina patients. Little is known about the prevalence of comorbid retinal disease in patients with glaucoma. The prevalence of comorbid retinal diseases may help clinicians consider whether a patient��s vision loss is due to glaucoma or whether it is multifactorial with other disease processes involved. This study examines the prevalence of various types of retinal disease in a group of patients with five different types of glaucoma at a single academic medical center. Materials and methods A longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted at a single academic medical center using International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) and Current Procedure Terminology billing records from June 1, 2003 to November 30, 2010. All patients were aged 40 years or older at the time of their last clinical examination and were classified using ICD-9 billing records as having primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG [365.