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Findings suggest that activation of GRs promotes neuroadaptation to binge-like EtOH exposure, contributing to the development of EtOH dependence. Further, GRs may represent therapeutic targets to be exploited in reducing the severity of EtOH withdrawal. ""It is well established that alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of injury. This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses important methodological issues commonly encountered in the alcohol and injury PF-06463922 mw field by delineating the effect of study design and alcohol consumption recall period on effect size magnitude and by conducting gender-specific analyses. We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models. Data sources were peer-reviewed studies on alcohol and injury from 1970 to 2009 from MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and on-line journals. Case�Ccontrol or case-crossover emergency department (ED) studies reporting injury risk from FMO5 alcohol consumption 6?hours before injury were included. The overall odds of injury were 2.799 (2.214 to 3.538, p?selleck chemical have significant effects on effect size magnitude in estimating the risk of injury from alcohol consumption 6?hours prior to injury. For the ��usual frequency�� case-crossover design, significant moderator effects were found, resulting in overestimates of injury risk from alcohol. ED case-crossover designs tend to overestimate risk, and ED case�Ccontrol designs tend to underestimate. We provide recommendations for future ED research. ""Prior studies suggest a possible association of a promoter polymorphism in the ALDH1A1 gene ( ALDH1A1*2 ) with alcohol use or dependence. The aim of this study was to examine the association of ALDH1A1*2 with drinking behaviors in Asian young adults and to examine ALDH2 genotype as a potential moderator of these associations. Asian young adults (n?=?951) were recruited from 2 college sites for studies of genetic associations with alcohol use behavior. Participants completed comprehensive background questionnaires on demographics and drinking behavior. Fingertip blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and analysis.