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An on line questionnaire targeted course program leads (n?=?362) in all 86 HEIs in which undergraduate professional healthcare programs were provided (n?=?362). Eighty-six HEIs were approached, 85 agreed to participate in the survey. A response rate of 81% (n?=?294/362 programs) was obtained: 14% (n?=?42) of respondents reported that there was no continence-related education within their undergraduate program. The mean number of hours was 4.7 (SD 4.3), and ranged from 2.5 (SD 3.5)?hr (Occupational Therapy) to 7.3 (SD 4.8)?hr (Adult Nursing). The survey results indicate that the amount of undergraduate education has changed little. Further research is needed to identify the most appropriate methods of delivering continence education and translate knowledge into improved patient outcomes. Adequate see more undergraduate continence education directed by the General Medical Council, Royal Colleges and Health Professional Alizarin Council is required. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 224�C229, 2013. ? 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ""To enhance the interpretability of the PFDI-20 by establishing a score distribution for women in the general population and to determine whether scores correspond with urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI). Subjects recruited during Twins Day Festivals from 2004 to 2009 completed a survey assessing for stress and urgency urinary incontinence (SUI and UUI) and AI of flatus and stool. Score distributions for the PFDI-20 and each of its subscales were determined for all selleck chemicals llc subjects and for women with isolated forms of incontinence. Scores were compared between continent and incontinent women and between incontinent subtypes by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. One thousand three hundred seventy-six women completed the survey with PFDI-20 (Median?=?8.9, IQR 31.3), POPDI-6 (Median?=?0, IQR?=?8.3), CRADI-8 (Median?=?0, IQR?=?10.7), and UDI-6 (Median?=?0, IQR?=?16.7). PFDI-20, POPDI-6, CRADI-8, and UDI-6 scores were significantly greater among women reporting isolated SUI (P?