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Prevalence rates are presented as percentages. Nominal data were compared by the chi-square test. The independent t-test was used to compare means. A value of P?Tofacitinib relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for possible risk factors for ED revisits. To examine the proportionality assumption, cumulative hazard functions for all covariates were plotted. Patient characteristics evaluated as possible risk factors for ED revisits included sex, age group, hospital of initial recruitment, visit season, severity of the index-reaction, eliciting foods at the index-reaction, history of the following atopic diseases prior to the index-reaction: food allergy, asthma, eczema, allergy to inhalant http://www.selleckchem.com/products/XL184.html allergens and prescription of adrenaline auto-injector before the index-reaction. The same covariates were assessed for the possibility of confounding and included in the final model if they changed the estimate of the crude RRs by more than 10%. These factors were age, eliciting food, food allergy, asthma, allergy to inhalant allergens and prescription of adrenaline. However, as food allergy is highly correlated with asthma, allergy to inhalant allergens and prescription of adrenaline, we decided to not include the latter three covariates in the final multivariable model. Sex had small confounding effects but was kept in the final multivariable model. All statistical analyses were carried out with the statistical program SPSS 20 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, USA III). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board, Stockholm, Sweden. During the study period, 80 children of 358 (22%) had a total of 116 ED revisits due to reactions S1PR1 to foods over a period of 873 patient-years. This yields an incidence rate of ED revisits of 9 per 100 patient-years. A total of 19 children had more than one ED revisit during follow-up (Fig.?1). In Table?1, characteristics of children with no ED revisits (n?=?278) and children with ED revisits during follow-up are presented. At the time for the index-reaction, the two groups were similar in terms of proportion of girls, age, severity of the reaction and eliciting foods. ED revisits were statistically significantly more common among children with a diagnosis of food allergy and prescription of adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) before the index-reaction. Eliciting foods and severity of the reactions at the ED revisit are reported in Table?1.