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Differences between the groups with a P value this website differences were detected between the patients with extensive and localized AA. The mean serum level of IL-18 decreased from 141.34 to 114.21?pg/ml after 1?month of treatment, and the mean level of sIL-2R decreased from 624.81 to 420.81?pg/ml over the same period. The decrease of the serum sIL-2R concentration, not IL-18, after 1?month of treatment was statistically significant (P?PTPRJ groups and the controls. The mean serum IL-18 level in the responders was significantly higher than that in the controls (Fig.?2a, P?=?0.025, see Table S2). The mean serum sIL-2R level in the poor-responders was significantly higher than that in the responders (P?=?0.036, see Table S2) and that in the controls (Fig.?2b, P?=?0.019). In the present study, no significant difference in the mean serum sIL-2R level was detected among the patients with extensive AA, patients with localized AA, and control subjects. On the other hand, the mean serum concentration of sIL-2R in the patients with AA significantly decreased after 4?weeks of therapy with CsA and steroids. This is not surprising because CsA inhibits T-cell activation by preventing the transcription of IL-2 (15). Additionally, the baseline level of sIL-2R in the poor-responders was significantly higher than those in the responders and controls (Fig.?2b). selleck compound It is consistent with several reports suggesting positive correlation between the serum sIL-2R level and disease severity in patients with psoriasis, which shares a common immunopathology with AA (16�C22). Valsecchi et al. showed serum sIL-2R level in patients with AA was significantly higher during the active phase than the stable phase (23). In the present study, patients with AA were all chronic, stable and refractory state. Poor-responders were thought to be in more severe states than responders, as such the serum level of sIL-2R was higher.