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Nonsignificant changes between HFS and HFS?+ Resv diet were observed in these parameters (Figure?S1). The inflammatory profile of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes was assessed after a 24?hr incubation with media containing serum from monkeys fed with SD, HFS, and HFS?+ Resv diets for 24?months. The results indicated an increase in SIRT1 protein level (p?Dabigatran adipocytes were incubated in media containing HFS?+ Resv serum versus HFS serum (Figure?5D). A trend toward lower IL-6 mRNA was found with SD serum versus HFS serum (p?= 0.056). This reduction of the proinflammatory profile by the HFS?+ Resv serum may correlate with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Control experiments showed no difference in IRS-1 protein levels upon treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the three serums at baseline (Figure?6A). However, a significant effect of time (p?= 0.017) and the interaction diet and time (p?= 0.041) in?Akt activation was found when 3T3-L1 adipocytes that were pretreated with monkey serum for 24?hr Fludarabine mw were Onalespib research buy stimulated with insulin for 30?min. Specifically, the duration of insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation was markedly longer when 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with serum from HFS diet group as compared to that of SD and HFS?+ Resv diet (Figure?6B). Moreover, a significant increase in the number of cells expressing GLUT4 at the plasma membrane (p?