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Behavior problems are common in children with FC from an early age. Low level of education and high psychological distress of the mothers seem to be important risk factors for constipation and should be assessed carefully in the management of these cases. ""63903" "Thousands of pregnant women are exposed to arsenic (As), which has been shown to lead to a higher risk of maternal and infant morbidity. We hypothesized that As-induced modifications Ro3280 to the humoral immune system may be partly responsible, and examined the relationship between As and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Pregnant women were recruited in As-contaminated rural areas in Bangladesh. Blood and urine samples, and questionnaire data were collected. We analyzed data from 202 pregnant women and a subset of 121 mother�Cinfant pairs. Urinary As was measured on inductively coupled plasma�Cmass spectrometry and adjusted with specific gravity (U-AsSG). Maternal (IgGmat) and cord (IgGcord) serum total IgG were measured using immunoturbidity assay. The geometric mean U-AsSG (n = 202) was 69?��g/L (range, 3.1�C1356?��g/L). Urinary-AsSG was significantly associated with IgGmat (n = 202; (r = 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10�C0.36; P 3-deazaneplanocin A 0.47�C2.05; P selleck products with IgGmat but not IgGcord. Elevated IgGmat may have implications as regards maternal morbidity and the placental transfer of specific IgGs. Further studies are required to better understand how As may affect maternal and child health by modifying the humoral immune system. ""63904" "The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) has increased over the last decade, but there have been few reports on ORG in Japanese children. Reported herein are two children with ORG identified on school urinary screening (SUS). Patient 1 was a 12-year-old boy in whom proteinuria was first detected on SUS. His body mass index (BMI) was 33.8?kg/m2 and he had hypertension and hyperuricemia. Patient 2, a 10-year-old boy, also had proteinuria identified on SUS. His BMI was 34.8?kg/m2, and he had fatty liver, hyperuricemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Both were diagnosed with ORG based on obesity, proteinuria, and renal pathological findings. After treatment, including candesartan, food restriction and physical exercise, urinary protein excretion was decreased in both cases. We believe that such school urinary screening programs may be effective for the early identification and treatment of children with ORG. Obesity is a major health problem, and its incidence is increasing worldwide.