The Entire Study Linked To Oxymatrine

An effect of high dietary phosphorus on renal disease progression in animals cannot be extrapolated to humans, and unfortunately, there is a scarcity of clinical data on this subject. A few clinical studies, however, have looked at the potential association between serum phosphate levels and the rate of progression of kidney disease in CKD patients (Table 2). O'Seaghdha et al.[10] separated serum phosphate in quartiles in 2269 healthy subjects from the Framingham Heart Study and demonstrated that the odds ratio of developing CKD is much higher in healthy subjects Nutlin-3a cell line with a serum phosphate >4 mg/dL, even after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and cholesterol. The same authors then divided serum phosphate from 13,372 participants in the National Health Oxymatrine and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III into those below and above 4 mg/dL and demonstrated that the relative risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is much higher in those subjects with a serum phosphate ��4 mg/dL, even after multiple variable adjustments. Furthermore, Schwarz et al.[11] analyzed historical data in a group of 985 U.S. veterans with different degrees of CKD and found that those patients with higher serum phosphate had a much higher likelihood of developing ESRD compared to those with a serum phosphate Pomalidomide ic50 et al. in another group of 448 CKD patients in the Netherlands.[14] Two new studies have been published addressing a possible association between serum phosphate and progression of renal disease (Table 1).[25, 26] Interestingly, one of the studies[25] shows an association, whereas the other does not.[26] The above data demonstrate that high serum phosphate indeed is associated with worse outcome in CKD/ESRD patients, both as measured by mortality and progression of renal disease. These studies, however, are observational in design and therefore cannot be used to define cause and effect.