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Measurements? Demographics, toxicology, abbreviated injury scale (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), and location of death. Findings? Of the 1860 screened subjects, 612 (32.9%) constituted the positive toxicology group (PTG) for alcohol or illicit drugs or both and the 1248 (67.1%) the negative toxicology group (NTG). The median age was 34 (4�C90) years for the PTG and 45 (3�C97) years for the NTG. The PTG included significantly higher proportions of males and motorcyclists. The PTG had a 50% increased risk for a severe (AIS��3) cervical spine and 85% for a severe upper extremity injury, compared to the NTG. A total of 29.2% of the PTG and 22.4% of the NTG deaths were non-preventable (ISS?=?75). The frequency of severe trauma (ISS��16) was comparable between PTG and NTG (P?=?0.87). The PTG presented with a median ISS of 43 (6�C75) versus 41 (2�C75) of the NTG, hence without significant difference (P?=?0.11). The pre-hospital death rate click here was 77.8% for the PTG versus 58% of the NTG (P?RG-6016 mouse the odds of positive toxicology were considerably higher in the subjects who arrived dead at the hospital (OR 2.62, P?ALK despite comparable injury severity. Specific evidence-based management protocols and reassessment of surveillance are required. ""Reuters reports that a bill originally intended to introduce a complete tobacco advertising ban in China has been weakened after lobbying by China's state tobacco monopoly. The draft bill extends China's current law which prohibits tobacco advertising on radio, film, television, newspapers and magazines, and in public areas such as theatres and sports arenas. China's parliament, the National People's Congress, agreed to extend the ban to public transport venues, electronic publications, libraries and parks but promotional activities such as cigarette product launches, and tobacco sponsorship for sporting events and schools are exempted from the planned restrictions. China's tobacco monopoly has previously blocked other measures such as the introduction of graphic warnings on cigarette packages. Source: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/05/us-china-smoking-idUSKBN0H001N20140905 BBC News reports that the Chief Minister of Kerala, Oomnen Chandy, said the Congress-led state government plans to make the state ��liquor free�� with a series of proposed measures in the coming months. Kerala has India's highest per capita alcohol consumption. The first phase of the ban would involve the closing of 730 bars serving alcohol and the introduction of more alcohol-free days in the state.