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The detailed results are presented for D. melanogaster and H. sapiens. In Table?2, we included only the chromosomes in which the number of nearest neighbours exceeded 50 to ensure the applicability of Gaussian statistics. These data show clear positional and ordering correlations for the significant fraction of the TSS on two strands. Implying that expression regulation factors are upstream of selleck compound TSS, the bias in projected TSS on the reverse strand preceding neighbouring TSS on the forward strand indicates that some regulatory elements such as CpG islands, enhancers, silencers, etc., may be common. Such a mode of regulation expression has, in fact, been experimentally established.25�C27 The statistical significance of these correlations versus the counterpart random model proves the positive selection of such a mode of expression regulation during evolution. The fraction of the nearest neighbours for TSS turned out to be less than the theoretical prediction for the random sets with the same fractions of points [Equation (26)] for the H. sapiens genome and rather close to the theoretical prediction for the D. melanogaster genome (Table?2). The histograms for the relative and absolute lengths between neighbouring TSS, scattering S6 Kinase plot, and the list of the top nearest TSS on the reverse and forward strands are summarized in Supplementary data S3. The histograms for both H. sapiens and D. melanogaster genomes show the length distributions peaked at the small distances between neighboring TSS in accordance with significant positional correlations. The histograms for the absolute lengths revealed a sharp drop at the distances exceeding the characteristic nucleosome length of ?200 bp. Though the absolute and relative lengths between neighbouring TSS were significantly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficients exceeded 0.7, P LY294002 concentration inhomogeneity of genome tracks. The distribution of the nearest neighbouring TSS on the forward and reverse strands across particular chromosomes of the H. sapiens genome is shown in Fig.?1a, which was drawn with the Integrated Genome Browser.28 The distributions of the TSS pairs across all chromosomes of the H. sapiens genome listed in Table?2 can be found in Supplementary data S4. Table?2. Correlations between transcription start sites on the forward and reverse strands Figure?1. (a) The distributions of the nearest neighbouring transcription start sites (NN TSS) on the forward and reverse strands across particular chromosomes of the Homo sapiens genome. The cytobands across corresponding chromosomes and relevant length scales ... The analysis of some nearest TSS duplets revealed that they correspond to rather short intergenic regions between pairs of closely located genes that reside on different strands.