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01, r= 0.735; Fig. 2D). These data, in association with elevated plasma BOHB in 6%P animals, suggested that maternal dietary protein restriction may have established an increased ketogenic capacity within the maternal liver. This finding informed the next stages of our study. In order to establish whether there were any gross morphological differences between dietary groups in developing organs, specifically liver and lung, livers were dissected from fixed fetuses at E12 and E13. We found a significant influence of the interaction of diet with embryonic day (P Nutlin 3 animals were approximately 30% smaller than control livers at E12 (P www.selleckchem.com/products/RO4929097.html branching of these primary stalks has occurred, generating many new branch tips (Fig. 3Aii). We took fetal lungs at E12 and E13 from all dietary groups and quantified the number of branch tips within the left lobe of the developing tissue. Once again, we observed a significant effect of maternal diet with advancing development (P INPP5D Fig. 3B). However, by E13, the lungs of 6%P animals had undergone a considerable acceleration of branching and now tended to have more branch tips than either control or 9%P animals (P= 0.059). This suggested that lung morphogenesis had also been accelerated during the specific window between E12 and E13. In order to determine whether maternal BOHB may play a role in the growth disturbance identified between E12 and E13, we attempted to obtain evidence of increased fetal utilization of ketone bodies. Succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (Scot or Oxct1) is the enzyme responsible for catalysing the transfer of CoA from succinyl-CoA to acetoacetate, forming acetoacetyl-CoA, which can then be converted into two acetyl-CoA molecules for use in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We found Oxct1 expression to be elevated in livers of 9%P-exposed fetuses (Fig. 4Ai; P