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This was followed by a combinations of antibacterials (J01RA) prescribed in 20% of the cases and penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) prescribed in 15% of the cases. Among the women who had a cesarean section, Bleomycin nmr the most commonly prescribed antibiotic during the stay in hospital was third-generation cephalosporins (J01DD) prescribed in 31% of the cases, followed by the fixed dose combinations of antibacterials (J01RA) prescribed in 30% of the cases and fluoroquinolones (J01MA) prescribed in 13% of the cases. The total DDD/100 bed days during hospital stay for the group of women that had a vaginal delivery was 101 and 127 for women having had a cesarean section (Table?3). Table 3 Description of antibiotics prescribed during hospital stay and at discharge (N?=?4721) Twenty-eight percent of the women with both vaginal deliveries and with cesarean sections were prescribed antibiotics at discharge. The most commonly prescribed group of antibiotic at discharge for women that had a vaginal delivery was fluoroquinolones (J01MA) prescribed in 42% of the cases, followed by second-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) prescribed in 16% of the cases and penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) prescribed in 14% of the cases. Among the women that had a cesarean section the most commonly prescribed antibiotics at discharge was fluoroquinolones (J01MA) prescribed in 59% of the cases, followed by third-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) prescribed in 11% of the cases and second-generation PRDX4 cephalosporins (J01DC) and combinations of penicillins, Duvelisib mouse incl beta-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) prescribed in 9% of the cases each. Discussion Emerging antibiotic resistance is a major global public health challenge. At the same time, untreated infections are one of the main causes of maternal mortality in low and middle-income countries [16]. In India, institutional deliveries are being advocated to reduce the high burden of maternal mortality and morbidity. Increased access to basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care through the practice of routine institutional deliveries can save the lives of many women, but increased use of antibiotics can also add to the progressing antibiotic resistance in India. The topic of antibiotic use is not simple in the context of India. It is likely that there is a widespread overuse of antibiotics but also a challenge of antibiotics being unavailable when needed. Access to lifesaving antibiotics is likely to be related to structural determinants of health. The society is stratified by social determinants such as economic status, caste and gender. Women from poor socioeconomic households are less likely to have an institutional delivery or to receive postpartum care compared to women belonging to a household with higher socioeconomic status [17].