The Things BI 2536 Specialists Might Educate You On

Sacral slope was measured as the angle between the superior endplate of S1 and the horizontal plane. Pelvic tilt was measured as the angle between the line connecting the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 and the hip axis, and the vertical plane. According to the Jackson's procedure [16], the angle of thoracic TK was measured from the superior endplate of T1 to the inferior endplate of T12. The angle of LL was measured from the inferior endplate of T12 to the superior endplate of S1 by the Cobb's method. To evaluate the global Isotretinoin sagittal balance, the horizontal distance between the posterosuperior of S1 and the C7 plumbline was also measured, and sagittal balanced spine was defined within 50mm anteriorly and 20 mm posteriorly while sagittal imbalanced spine was defined beyond this range (Fig. 1A) [17]. Fig. 1 A 73 year-old male patient. (A) In standing lateral X-ray, pelvic incidence [A] was 48��, pelvic tilt [B] was 11�� and sacral slope [C] was 37��. The horizontal distance between the posterosuperial corner of S1 and the C7 plumbline ... For evaluation of paravertebral muscles, MRI images were obtained with 1.5-T Signa Excite GE (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and the images were analyzed as DICOM files loaded in the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) with PiView (Infinitt, Seoul, Korea). Pseudocoloring technique introduced by Lee et al. [18] were used to calculate the amount of paravertebral muscles and the degree of Kinase Inhibitor Library fatty infiltration at the third lumbar vertebrae. Pseudocoloring Selleck BI2536 technique is one image analyzing tool which can calculate the ratio of fat out of total area of the paravertebral muscles by applying the previously obtained signal intensity of the fat to the histogram of regions of interest at the third lumbar vertebrae. Both sides, right and left, were calculated, and the mean value was used (Fig. 1B). Bone mineral density was obtained using dual-energy X-ray absortiometry scan (Explorer, Hologic Co., Bedford, MA, USA). For statistical analysis, SPSS ver. 12.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Il, USA) was used. Intergroup differences were determined with the use of the normality test for continuous variables, and then the independent T test for significance. Pearson chi-square was used to analyze correlation of all the variables and the �� squared test was used for cross tabulation analysis between fracture and sagittal balance. Univariate logistic regression analysis for each variable was used to identify fracture risk factors, and then multiple logistic regression analysis for the variables of p-value