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Consequently, a total of 135 implants placed in 58 patients were available for analysis. Our study shows a significant difference of peri-implant bone level overtime between the test and control groups (P?Resminostat was observed in the control group (0.02?��?0.80?mm), whereas a bone loss was found in the test group (?0.43?��?1.11?mm). The mean bone level at baseline and the type of periodontal therapy and the maintenance care program were involved in this difference (P?Lumacaftor Two subgroups of patients were formed; one group (n?=?10) where all teeth had been extracted due to severe periodontitis, another group (n?=?8) with teeth in the antagonistic jaw with a history of periodontitis and some remaining medium pockets (4�C6?mm). Implants (n?=?85, 43 turned & 42 TiUnite?) were installed randomly in each patient. After 3�C6?months of submerged healing, healing abutments were connected, followed by final abutments 2?weeks later, all with the same surface characteristics as the supporting implant. Peri-implant parameters and intra-oral radiographs were recorded up to 1?year after abutment connection. Two turned implants failed in the partial edentulous group during the initial healing period (CSR: 95%) and none Baf-A1 datasheet of the TiUnite? (CSR: 100%) surface. No statistically significant differences in clinical parameters could be observed between both surfaces. The partial edentulous subgroup showed more bone loss compared to the full edentulous subgroup. Moderately rough implants have a similar clinical outcome (at 1?year of loading in periodontitis susceptible patients) compared to minimally rough implants. ""This study envisaged to explain early marginal bone loss (first years of function) around implants in the posterior area of the mandible by the local bone quality (ratio cortical vs. cancellous bone). Four hundred and twenty-three Br?nemark MKIII? implants inserted in the posterior region of the mandible were examined, retrospectively, on intra-oral radiographs taken at abutment connection, and 1 and 3�C4?years after loading. The quality of the bone was assessed on cone beam or multi-slice CTs. The bone quality was determined by the relative proportions of cortical and trabecular bone at the insertion site. Cortical bone was defined as a clearly white structure without a trabecular pattern. Trabecular bone was defined as the structure between the two cortical plates.