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They might also help in the prevention of nosocomial transmission in hospital departments by contributing to the development of new epidemiological surveillance systems for viral infections. Molecular diagnostic techniques for viral testing have undergone rapid development in recent years [1]. They are becoming more widely used than the classical virological assays (immunofluorescence assay and virus isolation in cell culture) in the majority of clinical virology laboratories, and now represent a new method for the diagnosis of human viral Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase infections. More sensitive and more rapid than traditional methods, nucleic acid amplification tests have also allowed the detection of a broader panel of viruses in clinical specimens [2�C4]. Recently, new techniques based on multiplex RT-PCR amplification followed by microarray analysis have been developed and evaluated in clinical samples [5�C8]. Microarrays are divided into high-density Birinapant concentration and low-density DNA-probe hybridization technologies. High-density microarrays can test for thousands of potential pathogens simultaneously, allowing the detection of novel or previously uncharacterized agents, but they are not yet applicable for daily diagnosis in clinical virology practice. Only low-density microarrays are currently CE-marked for the in?vitro diagnosis of human viral diseases. These new assays can allow rapid detection and identification, including typing and subtyping, of a broad panel of common and newly discovered human viral pathogens. The use of these microarrays might improve the clinical management of patients and the prevention of nosocomial transmission in hospital departments, and might allow the development of new epidemiological survey systems for viral infections [1,5,8]. Low-density microarray technology is based on amplification of viral genome-specific fragments, of selleck products detection and identification of multiple viruses in a single clinical sample. In the commercially available microarrays, amplified products are labelled with biotin during the amplification step. They then hybridize with their respective specific probes immobilized in known sites of the microarray placed at the bottom of a single tube or of eight-well strips. Incubation with streptavidin�Cperoxidase conjugate reagent leads, in the presence of the substrate, to the appearance of an insoluble product at the hybridization sites. Finally, a microarray reader piloted by specific software provided by the manufacturer allows the capture and processing of the picture obtained from the microarray [5,6,8,9].