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Perhaps we could save time and money and draw less lab tests for patient evaluation. This was a retrospective chart review study of patients who received the index test (venous lactate level) in the ED or as an inpatient for any clinical reason. The a priori dependent variables used in the analysis were age, gender, date of test, time of lactate drawn, serum lactate level, time of electrolytes drawn, bicarbonate level, anion gap, and creatinine. Data extraction was performed by all co-investigators who were aware of the study hypothesis (non-blinded) and who were all educated on data extraction and input on a prepared electronic template. We Adriamycin did not assess inter-rater reliability. Only patients with complete data were included. We performed data acquisition using a computer-generated search for consecutive patients in whom a serum lactate was drawn.4,5 Serum lactate was drawn at the physician��s order based on suspicion of shock or abdomen Pentamorphone disease that could lead to shock. Our institutional review board approved the study. The setting was a large, urban teaching hospital with over 700 beds. Participants were all patients who had a serum lactate level obtained in the ED or as an inpatient. We performed chart review for analysis of 304 consecutive patients who had a serum lactate level starting in 2010. A total of 165 patients had their tests drawn in the ED, and 139 had their tests drawn as inpatients. Two hundred one patients had electrolytes and serum lactate drawn simultaneously. The median for the time difference between SL and electrolytes drawn is zero (25th percentile for median = 0 and 75th percentile for median = 2 hours). We used the normal ranges as now used in our hospital laboratory. Normal serum bicarbonate is 21�C32mmol/L; normal anion gap is 5�C15. We report only patients who had serum bicarbonate (SB) LBH589 concentration mean, median (25th percentile to 75th percentile) as absolute numbers or as percentages. We assessed statistical difference between means by Student��s t test (unpaired, two tails). We tested ratios or percentages by chi square test. Differences were considered significant at values of p